Which of the following conditions can cause hyperventilation?

Hyperventilation is characterized by rapid or deep breathing that exceeds the body’s needs for oxygen leading to decreased carbon dioxide levels in the blood. Intense pain can trigger the body's fight-or-flight response, which may stimulate the respiratory system and result in hyperventilation. When a person experiences severe pain, stress hormones are released, and the body prepares to react, often leading to quicker, more shallow breathing.

In contrast, while starvation, drowsiness, and fever may have effects on the body's metabolism and respiratory function, they do not typically induce hyperventilation in the same immediate and pronounced way as intense pain does. Starvation may lead to a slower metabolism which might not promote rapid breathing, whereas drowsiness generally decreases physical activity and could inhibit increased respiration. Fever can speed up the metabolic rate and increase respiration; however, it does not usually lead to the rapid and pronounced hyperventilation seen with intense pain.