Which suffix is most appropriate for describing an abnormal increase in the number of cells?

The suffix that is most appropriate for describing an abnormal increase in the number of cells is "-osis." This suffix often denotes a condition or abnormal state, which can include varieties of diseases, disorders, or pathological increases. In medical terminology, "-osis" signifies that there is an abnormal condition or process occurring, which aligns perfectly with describing an increased number of cells, as seen in conditions like hyperplasia, where the suffix "plasia" (derived from "plasty") also relates to growth or development.

The other suffixes do not fit the description of an increase in cell numbers. For instance, "-itis" refers to inflammation, indicating a different pathological process rather than simply an increase in cells. "-ectomy" denotes surgical removal of a part of the body, and "-plasty" pertains to surgical repair or reconstruction. Therefore, these suffixes relate to different medical conditions or procedures and do not capture the concept of an abnormal increase in cellular quantity.